===== Infinite geometric series =====
==== Function ====
| @#FF9944: definition  | @#FF9944: $Q_\infty: \{z\in{\mathbb C}\mid \vert{z}\vert<1\}\to\mathbb C$ |
| @#FF9944: definition  | @#FF9944: $Q_\infty(z):=\sum_{k=0}^\infty z^k $ |

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$Q_\infty(z)=\dfrac{1}{1-z}$

This can also be written as

$\sum_{k=0}^\infty\left(\dfrac{1}{1+z}\right)^k = 1+\dfrac{1}{z}$

and

$\sum_{k=0}^\infty\left(1-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^k = z$

or, for $z>0$ and $X<1+z$ resp. $X<z/(z-1)$

$\sum_{k=0}^\infty\left(\dfrac{1}{1+z}\right)^kX^k = 1+\dfrac{1}{z}+(X-1)(z-1) \,z\dfrac{1}{z+X(1-z)}$

and

$\sum_{k=0}^\infty\left(1-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^kX^k = z+(X-1)\left(1+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\dfrac{1}{z+(1-X)}$

== q-Integral ==
For a function $f$, the q-integral from $0$ to $1$ ("$z$-integral" if we stick to our notation above) is defined as

$\sum_{k=0}^\infty f(z^k)\,z^k=\dfrac{1}{1-z}\cdot\int_0^1 f(s)\,{\mathrm d}_zs$

== Related notes ==

$z = \sum_{k=0}^\infty\left(z^{-1}(z-1)\right)^k = \sum_{k=0}^\infty\left(1-z^{-1}\right)^k = \sum_{k=0}^\infty \sum_{m=0}^k {k \choose m}(-z)^{-m} $

In fact

$ \sum_{k=0}^{n-1} \sum_{m=0}^k {k \choose m}(-z)^{-m} = z\left(1-\left(\dfrac{z-1}{z}\right)^n\right)$

See also [[Niemand sequences]].

== Powers ==
<code>
Sum[Binomial[-s, k] x^k, {k, 0, \[Infinity]}]
Series[(1 - x)^-s, {x, 0, 4}]
Binomial[-s, 3];
% - (-s)!/(3! ((-s) - 3)!) // FullSimplify
%% + 1/6 (2 s + 3 s^2 + s^3) // FullSimplify
</code>

=== References ===
Wikipedia: 
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_series|Geometric series]],
[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_progression |Geometric progression]]
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=== Context ===
[[Infinite sum of complex numbers]]
=== Related ===
[[Finite geometric series]]