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riemann_zeta_function [2016/05/31 20:20] nikolaj |
riemann_zeta_function [2016/06/03 22:50] nikolaj |
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| == Functional equation == | == Functional equation == | ||
| Tells you most values: | Tells you most values: | ||
| - | ^ $ \zeta(s) = 2(2\pi)^{s-1}\sin{\left(\pi\,s/2\right)}\,\Gamma(1-s)\,\zeta(1-s)$ ^ | + | ^ $ \zeta(s) = 2\,(2\pi)^{s-1}\sin{\left(\pi\,s/2\right)}\,\Gamma(1-s)\,\zeta(1-s)$ ^ |
| == Specific values == | == Specific values == | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
| so that | so that | ||
| + | |||
| + | $\zeta(1-2m) = \dfrac{2(2m-1)!}{(4\pi^2)^m}\cos(m\pi)\zeta(2m)$ | ||
| $\zeta(1-2m)=(-1)^{m+1}\frac{1}{2m}B_{2m}$ | $\zeta(1-2m)=(-1)^{m+1}\frac{1}{2m}B_{2m}$ | ||
| Line 74: | Line 76: | ||
| ${\frac {1} {n^s}} = {\frac {1} {\Gamma(s)}} \int_0^\infty x^{s-1} {\mathrm e}^{-nx}\,{\mathrm d}x $ | ${\frac {1} {n^s}} = {\frac {1} {\Gamma(s)}} \int_0^\infty x^{s-1} {\mathrm e}^{-nx}\,{\mathrm d}x $ | ||
| - | and then, recognizing the geometric series | + | and thus |
| + | |||
| + | $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^s} = \frac{1} { \Gamma(s) } \sum_{n=1}^\infty \int_0^\infty x^{s-1} {\mathrm e}^{-nx}\,{\mathrm d}x $ | ||
| + | |||
| + | Now consider the geometric series | ||
| $\sum_{n=1}^\infty ({\mathrm e}^{-x})^n = \frac{1} { {\mathrm e}^{-x}-1} = \frac{1} {x} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{12}x+O(x^2)$ | $\sum_{n=1}^\infty ({\mathrm e}^{-x})^n = \frac{1} { {\mathrm e}^{-x}-1} = \frac{1} {x} - \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{12}x+O(x^2)$ | ||
| - | give you | + | The above sum over the integral is convergent for $s>1$, while the expression |
| + | |||
| + | $\frac{1} { \Gamma(s) } \int_0^\infty \frac{x^{s-1}} { {\mathrm e}^x-1} \, {\mathrm d}x $ | ||
| - | $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^s} = \frac{1} { \Gamma(s) } \int_0^\infty \frac{x^{s-1}} { {\mathrm e}^x-1} \, {\mathrm d}x $ | + | works for all complex $s\ne 1$. We thus found the analytical continuation. |
| - | He takes the integral into the complex plane, where he $ \frac{1} { {\mathrm e}^x-1}$ diverges periodically in steps of $2\pi\,i$. | + | The integrand $ \frac{1} { {\mathrm e}^x-1}$ diverges periodically in steps of $2\pi\,i$. |
| He discovers that the function obeys a reflection formula | He discovers that the function obeys a reflection formula | ||
